Diamond International Co-Corporation Essay

I. Executive Summary Diamond International Corporation (DIC) is one of the leading suppliers in the country. It is a trading company that imports thermoplastic (PVC) pipes, values and fittings. By 1990, the company has already grown to more than 50 employees. The company has identified its three major marketing areas: projects and major accounts, branches and dealership. It is also the major competitor in selling high-precision screws and bearings needed by the semicon industry II. Point of View (POV) President of the Diamond International Corporation III. Time Context Around the time when the company placed Mr. Robert Cruz being in-charge of the over-all shop operation of the ABC Steel Company and was appointed as the new shop manager. The same time when the company’s production backlog has reached its proportions that will lead to the halt of businesses with other companies. From the point of view of the new shop manager, the company may go bankrupt in five months time if the company keeps paying penalties. IV. Statement of the Problem To determine present and future manpower requirements of the organization in coordination with planning and job analysis activities. V. Objectives 1.To address the fair and justifiable hiring and selection of the future employees of the company. 2.To improve the working behavior of the employees and increase coordination in every aspect of their work. VI. Areas of Consideration By 1990, the company has already grown to more than 50 employees. It is now one of the leading suppliers in the country. It imports thermoplastic (PVC) pipes, valves and fittings. DIC’s main clientele is the semiconductor industry. It included Splash Island in Laguna as one of its major projects. It has a standing inventory of Php 15m+ located at its warehouse in Las Pinas. DIC is also a major competitor in selling high-precision screws and bearings needed by the semicon industry. The sales from this area constitute 10 to 15 percent of the company’s profits. Opportunities 1.The company’s assurance of the maintenance of quality 2.Improved productivity Threats 1.Company backlogs 2.Shortage of skilled manpower VII. Assumption 1.The organizational structure of the management creates discord in the effective operations of the company. 2.No effective HR program is present to handle the company’s manpower. 3.No harmony is present within the management, operations, production and logistics of the company. VIII. Alternative Courses of Action (ACA) 1. Team Building – designed for improving team performance advantages: a. encourage both individual and team development and improvement. b. helps individual to focus on group goals to accomplish more beneficial tasks. c. helps individual in decision making process. d. helps each employees to assess their personal effectiveness and strengths. disadvantages: a. difficulty in assessing the performance of an individual’s role in a team. b. coordination costs are very high (team building as a management has to spend a lot of costs.) 2. Monitor the performance of each employee advantages: a. targeted staff development – good performance management system can be positive way to identify developmental opportunities. b. rewards staff for a job well done. c.allows employees growth d. provide an opportunities to discuss issues and clarify expectations with their managers. disadvantages: a. Time consuming b. Biases occur when it comes to performance evaluation that lead to difficulty in assessing one’s work performance. IX. Conclusion and Recommendations The management should develop a just and fair hiring of their employees. They should follow the appropriate guidelines for the recruitment process so that they can hire the best candidates having the right potential for a particular position. X. Plan of Action a. The HR Department should develop a new strategy that will help them to assess the work performance of each employees. b. Everyone should be aware of the recruitment process. Ensure all staff involved with the recruitment and selection of staff are trained and aware of your recruitment policy and have the skills to ensure its effective implementation.

Obama and Romney Essay

In the midst of a heated presidential race two great leaders are vying for the affection of all of America. On the left side we have our current president Mr. Barrack Obama and on the right side his opponent Mr. Mitt Romney. On paper both are outstandingly qualified candidates and both have been trusted to hold a position of leadership over large numbers of people. Mitt Romney built his foundation through a strong career in business before becoming a politician, while President Obama stuck to the legal side of things building up his reputation as a civil rights lawyer and activist. In this review of both candidates I will attempt to unbiasedly inform the reader of their qualifications as powerful leaders including their foundations and backgrounds, their accomplishments, and their leadership capabilities. It seems justifiable to start with educational backgrounds as that is where both candidates began to really assume leadership positions. In the next section of this essay I will try to identify their earlier careers and how those experiences may qualify them to hold office as the President of the United States. Both candidates come from very prestigious educational backgrounds. Obama moved from Honolulu Hawaii to Los Angeles in 1979 to attend the Occidental College. It was there that he made his first ever public speech vocalizing his disdain for the Occidental College’s policy of apartheid pertaining to South Africa. In 1981 he transferred to Columbia University in New York City, where he majored in political science and with a focus on international relations, he graduated with a bachelor of arts in 1983. After some years of work at two corporations and a couple more as a community organizer which I will get into later Barack began to attend Harvard Law School in 1988, where he was selected as an editor of the Harvard Law Review and later became its president, being the first African American to ever do so. In 1991 he graduated with a J. D. magna cum laude. Mitt Romney’s education began at Stanford University in the year of 1965. It was there that he perhaps took his first political stance in his participation in the staging of a counter protest against a group staging a sit in at the university administration building in opposition to draft status tests. Romney left the country to stay in France as a Mormon missionary in 1966; his stay would last for 30 months fulfilling a traditional rite of passage in his family. Though it is not traditional education I feel obligated to state that during this stay in France Romney showed true leadership skills in becoming co-president of his mission where he oversaw the work of 175 others. Upon his return to the States he began attending Brigham Young University in 1969. Due to the culturally conservative nature of BYU Romney naturally managed to stay out of the radical turmoil that came along with the 60’s and 70’s and became president of the all male cougars club booster organization and it was in these years that he showed a new found discipline in his studies that he somewhat lacked before. In 1971 he earned a bachelor of arts in English with highest honors and gave a commencement speech to the whole of BYU. Wanting to pursue a path in business Mitt heeded his father’s advice and put off a career to attend a Juris Doctor/Master of Business Administration four year program coordinated between Harvard Law School and Harvard Business School. He graduated cum laude from this program in 1975. He was named a baker scholar for graduating in the top five percent of his class. Both of these men have incredibly impressive educational accomplishments and worked hard to earn a good social standing and in doing so gained advantageous leads amongst their competitors on their career paths. Our current president began his career In between his attendance at Columbia University and Harvard at the Business International Corporation and then at the New York Public Interest Research Group. Just before entering Harvard he worked as a community organizer in Chicago. During his summers at Harvard he worked in the law offices of Sidley Austin as well as Hopkins & Sutter. After his graduation he accepted a position as Visiting Law and Government Fellow at the University of Chicago Law School to work on his first book Dreams Of my Father which was published in 1995. From 1992 through 1996 he was a lecturer at the University of Chicago Law School, and from 1996 through 2004 he served as senior lecturer teaching constitutional law. Obama continues to show his comfort in a leadership role as he directed Illinois’s Project Vote, which was a voter registration campaign where he oversaw ten staffers and seven hundred volunteer registrars. This project achieved its goal of registering 1500,000 unregistered African American Citizens. In 1993 e also joined the Davis, Miner, Barnhill & Galland law firm where he specialized in civil rights litigation and neighborhood economic development. Obama served on board of directors for the Woods Fund of Chicago, and of the Joyce Foundation, which helped to fund the development of underprivileged communities in Chicago. To add to this already astounding list of accomplishments the young Obama would serve as founding president and chairman of the board of directors for the Chicago Annenberg Challenge 1995 to 1999. I would like to note that thus far Barack Obama has proved to show a real sincere care for the development of his community and his race. From 1991 to 2002 he has fought for what he believes is right and through his career choices and political actions has shown himself to be a credible and intelligent young leader. Romney’s early career which is also quite impressive holds just as much esteem as Obama’s and though it follows a different path his accomplishments should also be very highly regarded and held to an esteem just as high as his running mates. Upon his graduation from Harvard in 1975, Romney was recruited by several firms but chose to join the Boston Consulting Group, working as a management consultant for a variety of companies better preparing him for his later roles as a chief executive and further leadership positions. In 1977, he was hired by a management consulting firm in Boston name Bain & Company. The more admirable thing about Bain & Company that should be accredited to Romney’s decision to work there is that instead of just providing quick consulting to a company and then parting soon after he could now completely submerge himself into his clients business and continue to work with them until changes actually began to materialize. This really shows a concern for his clients well being and for the passion of Romney to better the lives of those that surround him. Within just a few years Romney was considered by the firm one their best consultants, and Romney assumed the position of vice president of this firm in 1978. In 1984 Romney left Bain & Company to start the spin off private equity investment firm called Bain Capital. AS CEO of this company he managed to become personally responsible for their success by investing in companies like Staples Inc, Dominoes Pizza, Sealy Corporation, and Sports Authority. Overall both of these men have proven themselves to be outstanding leaders, and in comparison it would seem that Obama is in a mindset that deals with his community and the well being of his race and all of the people he oversees. Romney’s mindset is that of a businessman and he exudes the qualities that a great leader should possess. Both have served terms in office, and before becoming our president Obama was elected an Illinois state senator in 1996. While in office he gained support for legislation that reformed ethics and health care laws. He sponsored a law that increased tax credits for low income workers, negotiated welfare reform, and promoted increased subsidies for childcare. In 2005 Barack Obama was sworn in as a U. S. Senator. And in 2008 he became the President of the United States of America. Romney has held office as the 70th governor of Massachusetts in 2003. In conclusion both men are great candidates for presidency and have proven themselves time after time to be successful leaders. It is up to you to decide which one holds a better plan for our future America. Whether you think that we need to focus on our nation’s financial crisis which might be right up Mitt Romney’s ally having done so for states and other businesses so many times before, or if you want America to focus on the well being of minorities, workers, women, and education, which is where Obama might take the reins. It is up to you to decide which would make the better leader when you cast your vote in November.

Great Works of Western Philosophy pre-final paper 2 Essay

Great Works of Western Philosophy pre-final paper 2 - Essay Example While Anselm’s ontological argument achieved a good amount of support, Aquinas’ cosmological outlook was the result of his strong criticism of the views of the former. However, what seems to be evidently noticeable is that Aquinas’ argument is another improvement of the ontological view of Anselm. Saint Anselm proposes his ontological view on the existence of God in Proslogion, one of the most discussed philosophical discourses of all time. As Anselm argues, he makes certain key points in favor of the existence of God: So the ontological argument states that God is the greatest possible entity to be conceived, and God exists in both reality as well as in our understanding. Whatever we can assume in the mind, it can also be conceived of as existing in reality too. Therefore, God is the greatest being existing in both reality and in the mind. However, Anselm’s ontological theory has been criticized and strongly rejected by a number of Catholic theologians as well as non-Christians, and particularly by Thomas Aquinas, another Italian theologian. Aquinas’ most acclaimed work is Summa Theologiae or ‘Summary of Theology’, where he discusses his outlook on the existence of God. Criticizing the ontological argumentation of Anselm, Aquinas elaborates his cosmological view on the existence of God in terms of five arguments or proofs. The first proof is argued from the point of view of motion that everything on earth undergoes change with regard to something existing in reality. That means there must be a first mover from which it starts. This mover is constant and known as God. The second proof argues that every effect must have a cause. The first and efficient cause of everything is known as God. The third proof states that God is the main cause for the necessary existence of everything. The fourth pr oof argues that God is the most perfect thing to possibly conceive of. The fifth proof argues that God is the master planner of everything

Food Stamp Challenge Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Food Stamp Challenge - Assignment Example The log below shows the meals that I bought and ate during the challenge. The meals in most cases did not meet the dietary requirements due to cost constraints. When these meals were compared to dietary requirements under the ChooseMyPlate chart, diet was not met. The main food groups which include fruits, vegetables, grains and protein foods were used in assessing the dietary requirements. For instance, I did not take any dairy products during this period and essentials oils were used in cooking food. From the chart we notice that an adult requires at least 3 cups of milk in a day. Moreover, an adult requires at least 3 cups of veggies in a day and this requirement was met by 1st and 3rd days of the challenge. While at least 4 ounces of grains that are contained in food such as Pizza, donuts and sandwiches. The major food intake that the body requires is proteins and this was achieved through eating Pizza, Chinese takeout and Double Cheese Burgers (Blatt 87). During the challenge I was able to cut down on intake of proteins due to the high cost of these foods. This requirement was met during the 4 day challenge. During the period of the challenge I was not able to meet the dietary needs but I improved on eating healthy by buying fruit and veggie salads (Counihan 104). The challenge was educational and enriching since it gave me an opportunity to improve on my eating habits. I learnt a lot concerning healthy foods and which food groups I could eat from and how much was required from each food group. However, eating under a tight budget made it difficult to buy some food items and this frustrated unnecessary eating. Especially when it came to indulging in stuff like chocolates, cakes, snacks or ice cream the money was not enough. This disturbed and made it difficult to concentrate during the day especially at meal times. The challenge was quite tiring since it

Language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Language - Essay Example Furthermore, code switching is a very common behavior among multilingual speakers. Thus, policymakers on education stress that switching from one language to another may affect proficiency of the speaker as code switching limit language development of the speaker or learner (Berko-Gleason 1993). The multilingual situation in the Philippines, for instance, presents an interesting case as the country is an archipelago and is made up of many islands. English is a second language in the Philippines and about 50 percent of the population comprehend and speak English but 87 languages and dialects also exist in different islands. Some of these languages do not seem to be related to each other. Although a national language exists, government policies on the use of national language, the Filipino - an amalgamation of languages composed of both Tagalog and English - confuses the population rather than help the public become proficient in the learning of the language required in school. Tagalog is used in some subjects such as history but science subjects are mainly taught in English. The consequences of this policy are quite detrimental to those whose first language is neither Tagalog nor English. A majority of Filipinos who live in the provinces and underlying islands had to learn three languages in order to survive school and be able to find work. Many of those whose first language is not Tagalog or English are usually discriminated against in work places because of their 'accents.' Marked cultural differences also exist in terms of food, way of life, religious beliefs and many other aspects of culture. Furthermore, like other multilingual countries, the Philippine government faces challenges because of its language-learning program on multilingualism. As two languages - Tagalog and English - are used, educators are concerned that learners may not learn any of the language with greater proficiency as code switching is seen as a hindrance to achieving high-level language proficiency. Language experts argue that bilinguals and multilinguals cannot achieve similar language proficiency similar to those of monolingual speakers. Code-switching is defined as the 'utilization of two languages simultaneously or interchangeably' (Valdes-Fallis, 1977). Most experts view that speakers use two languages if 'bilingual fluency is not yet stable' (Valdes-Fallis, 1977). Speakers employ this method in order to attain two things: one is for the speaker to fill a linguistic or conceptual gap and secondly, it is for the attainment of multiple communicative functions (Gysels, 1992). In many countries and territories, code switching is avoided, but in majority of multilingual and bilingual areas of the world, it is viewed as the 'norm' (Swigart, 1992; Goyvaerts & Zembele, 1992). This is true in the Philippines, Singapore, India and Nepal where speakers usually move from one language to another to communicate. In Singapore and the Philippines (Chinese or Malay and English in Singapore, and Tagalog and English in the Philippines), the use of two languages or the mixing of both in communication and even in literature has become the norm. Views on code

Trafficking in Illegal Drugs and Persons Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Trafficking in Illegal Drugs and Persons - Essay Example Controling and minimizing cross-border terrorism and illegal trafficking of humans and drugs are the most challenging aspects of transnational crimes. An estimated 600,000 to 800,000 (the numbers are increasing every year) humans in the form of children, teenagers and women and men are the annual victims of this modern-day slavery of human trafficking. These victims of modern-day slavery are subjected to fraud, force or coercion to sexual exploitation and labor. (U.S Dept. of State, 2008) Othe illegal trafficking of humans, today, terrorism together with illegal trafficking of drugs is on the rise. To be able to tackle these issues that pose serious threat to the individual nations and mankind as a whole, a good strategy in terms of policy making is required. Polices that will be able to sufficiently express the predicament of transnational crimes in broader terms, and which will later help stretch the limited budget for the purpose. So in order to put across the urgent need to tackle with these crimes of transnational nature, that can cripple the country from its' inside in much extensive terms, the President decided to focus on three countries. The three countries are- Canada, Iran and France. The focus on these three countries will not provide only with the invaluable insights on how these countries engage in dealing with the three transnational forms of crimes, but also help in gaining the individual countries cooperation. On a global scale the industry of illegal drugs has grown to $400 billion (US $) approximately (Riley D.,1998). This rise in the illegal drugs industry has acted as fuel for organized crime; it has lead to the corruption of governments, violence and distortion of economic markets. Illegal drug trades and drug abuse has always been a crippling feature of the international as well as national scenes. For years attempts have been and are being made to combat the trafficking of illegal drugs and its' abuse, individually and bilaterally. However, these attempts have not been as successful as expected, but it has made the nations realize that the only through which this issue can be effectively handled is internationally coordinated action. The international cooperation to combat against drug abuse and illegal drug trade started in 1961, with the, Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, followed by Convention of Psychotropic Substances in 1971 and the Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988. (Ludec D. and Lee J., 2003) Canada as a nation is not so much harsh in its, 'war on drugs'. The state has assigned much of its resources and energy to treatment rather than on enforcement. The nation's National Drug Strategy that was first launched in 1987 and renewed after every 5 years stresses demand reduction and increase in efficient treatment programs. In 1990, after it sanctioned the third UN convention of 1988, it made major changes and revisions in its drugs and narcotics related legislations- as to fulfill the international obligations as per the conventions. On 20th June 1996, it adopted the new legislation, Bill C-8, the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (CDSA). The main purpose of CDSA that forms the integral part of Canada's National Drug Strategy is, "to provide a framework for the control of import, production, export, distribution and use of mind-altering

Advatages of using java programing language Essay

Advatages of using java programing language - Essay Example As such, several computer program languages were developed around that time. Although Java is similar to C++, it has some advantages over C++, such as simplicity. Java can create large applications for one or more computers and can also be used to create applets, which are useful when it comes to creating Web pages. In fact, Java has "exceptional opportunities when it comes to the Web development in terms of simplicity of implementation and speed of execution of the final product" (Masovic et al., 2012). Java is also free and easy to download from the Internet. It would be very difficult to use Java codes that had great effects on computers (Harold, 1997). The advantages of using Java are that it is easy to learn, object-oriented and platform-oriented. The first Java design was meant to be easy to use (Masovic et al., 2012). C++ was developed before Java and as such was used as a guide for Java. Although C++ is very similar to Java, improvements were made in the original design. Chan ges in two components, memory allocation and garbage collection, had contributed greatly to present the simplicity of Java design so that users did not need to worry about the memory. Other characteristics of Java that led to its simplicity were cross-platform compatibility, no cost, portability, and easy to learn (Pravica, 1999). Also, Java is easy to compile and write compared to other programming languages (McKell, 1998). Programmers find that writing Java codes is much easier than other computer languages. For example, many programming experts had realized that shipping C code has, on average, one bug per 55 lines of code (Harold, 1997). Java’s grammar is simple but very similar to C+ and C++. This is a great advantage when networking occurs between several computers. It means that different and distinct programs can run at the same time from different computers in order to carry out a task. (Choudhari, 2012) The designers included automatic memory allocation in Java, whi le in C++ the programmer must allocate the size of the memory. The programmer must also collect the garbage, but in Java the garbage is collected automatically. Java programs can be written once and then run anywhere through the use of an interface (McKell, 1998). The interface is a one class inheritance scheme instead of a multiple inheritance programs that represent the object-oriented program. Object-orientation refers to the ability of a program to simulate real life. The garbage or deleted icons are represented by an icon that mirrors real life usage; for financial usage a mortgage can be considered as an object. Java was intentionally designed as an object-oriented program in order to avoid problems that often become complex when solving inheritance issues in C++. Furthermore, Java allows creation modular programs and reusable code for frequent usage (McKell, 1998). Applets are small modular language applications that can be constructed from Java and are mini-applications that allow a viewer to see animations on a Web page. Interactions between a user and a Web page, such as making short calculations or other types of simple tasks, can be accomplished with Applets. JavaBeans is another component that makes programming easier. JavaBeans can string reusable components together with only a minimum amount of written code (Choudhari, 2012). Java is virtually integrated on almost every operating system and browser because it has platform independence. The Java Virtual Machine (JVM) executes the code of the platform. The JVM is the component that "enforces security policies so that boundaries are in place for what Java can and cannot do; Java runs on all

American Government Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

American Government - Personal Statement Example It is feared only a percentage of payment of benefits will be raised from FICA taxes, thus causing an imbalance that will need to be found from the Social Security Trust Fund, which as years go by will diminish. Recent economic events have increased levels of unemployment; meaning less people are paying into the Social Security system. Some may invest into an unsuitable private system or none at all; this raises questions as to what would happen to them and their surviving relatives in the event of disability/retirement or death, thus the effectiveness of privatisation is doubtful. For those who invest privately, this may mean better benefits are paid, than the Social Security system offers (Shipman, 1995). However, an element of risk concerns private investment, whereby people could lose out if private companies collapse/become bankrupt due to the economy (or due to dishonest investments), and that amounts paid could vary according to stock markets (Campbell and Feldstein, 2001). If Social Security is privatised, I will need to give greater thought to the future, much earlier. Private plans need to be put in place to ensure financial stability in retirement, and in case of long-term disability or death.

Why We Need Technology in Schools Essay Example for Free

Why We Need Technology in Schools Essay Introduction Technology has brought about many changes in today’s society. We interact, exchange information, and socialize in whole new ways that were not even possible twenty years ago. These changes apply to all areas of life, and can even be incorporated into the classroom to bring about positive results in students. The use of technology in the classroom for cooperative learning, personalized learning, and group learning have the potential for great impact on the way learners learn and teachers teach. Cooperative Learning Any educator in the classroom today would argue that students learn and retain information better when they are in a collaborative environment. Students need social interaction to help reinforce content and allow them an outlet for discussion and analysis. â€Å"Numerous studies have shown that students benefit positively in their academic and social development through cooperative learning† (Ramli, 2010). Many psychologists have discussed the benefits of social interaction to learning. Old school Education The old school education system is profoundly skewed its most significant problem: placement and grading. Most educators place too much value on inflexible systems for identifying proper places for students and estimate their comprehension of the material; there are many factors that may aid or hinder a students performance in school the answer.technology Technology in education Computers are a magnificent feat of technology. They have grown from simple calculators to machines with many functions and abilities. Computers have become so common that almost every home has at least one computer, and schools find them a good source for information and education for their students. Computers have created new careers and eliminated others and have left a huge impact on our society. The invention of the computer has greatly affected the arts, the business world, and society and history in many different areas. We should use computers In addition with e-readers and tablets to help differentiate a students level of understanding of the school curriculum. Importance of technology in education The education world has been greatly influenced by rapidly changing technology and the increasing availability of information. Schools have advanced by leaps and bounds when it comes to incorporating technology into the learning environment, however, many more advances need to be made. In all areas of the country, educators are trying to help students keep up with technology, but there are more changes that are essential for preparing the next generation for the future. By increasing computer usage by students, installing classroom Internet access and providing instructional classes dedicated to software and hardware education, schools have tried to provide an up-to-date education for students. This is all very important, but is it enough? I feel that perhaps this just isn’t going to cut it for the twenty-first century. Even more technology In schools we can even use more technology most educators used to use a blackboard to present to a class but now educators use document cameras with 21st century applications like Enhanced zoom capability, multi-directional camera positions, video recording function without a computer and wireless tablet collection. Another tool in a modern teachers arsenal is a smart board A smart board is a interactive white board that operates as part of a system that includes the interactive whiteboard, a computer, a projector and white boarding software. The Smart Board interactive whiteboard uses DViT (Digital Vision Touch) technology can detect and respond to touch interactions on the interactive whiteboard surface. This camera-based touch technology for interactive whiteboards and interactive displays uses digital cameras and proprietary software and firmware to detect finger or pen contact with the screen. That contact is then interpreted as finger or pen activity. In the classroom As you have seen technology is becoming more and more dominant in our society.Everyday upgrades are being made and new innovations are being discovered. Technology is all around us whether we want it to be or not: it is the vehicles we drive, it can be found in our homes, and can even be found in the grocery store.Every place we look there is some type of technology.I believe technology can make a giant impact on our school system. unfortunately there are some schools that are not as open to technology. I find it strange that these schools do not incorporate technology into them.The only reason these schools seem successful is because the only students that attend them are kids who are successful there.In fact according to the department of education schools that use software have more successful test scores than others,The graduation/collage rates are also higher. Conclusion In conclusion I have shown you that technology is a better choice for education I think the best consolation would be to change the system and intigrate more technology.

Critique of The Law of Apostasy in Islam Essay Example for Free

Critique of The Law of Apostasy in Islam Essay In 1924 Samuel Zwemer wrote The Law of Apostasy in Islam as a response to several books and articles that claimed there is no punishment in Islam for apostate Muslims. Zwemer quotes Khwajah Kemal-ud-Din who wrote in his book India in the Balance, in Islam there is no penalty for apostasy and Mohammed Alis English translation of The Koran neither here nor anywhere else in the Holy Koran is there even a hint of the infliction of capital or any other punishment on the apostate. Zwemer disputes these claims and tries to prove his contention that there is a long history of punishing apostates throughout the Muslim world (Zwemer 8-9). Zwemer was a missionary for the Christian Dutch Reformed church in the Middle East during the latter part of the nineteenth and early twentieth century. The people he worked with and tried to convert to Christianity were Muslims. Zwemer begins his argument in the chapter Why so Few Moslem Converts by citing numerous cases where Muslims practiced punishment and ostracism against apostate Muslims, that is, Muslims who had converted to Christianity. The incidents described are anecdotal and deal with specific examples where apostate Muslims underwent punishment or discrimination at the hands of practicing Muslims. Assuming, for the sake of argument, Zwemer is correct and such practices occurred, Zwemer still does not disprove either of the statements quoted above. What Zwemer proves is that some Muslims were punished, nothing more. He has not proven the Koran supports such practices. The title of this chapter must give the reader pause; it does not seem to be the title of an intellectual argument, but more like a defense of his and other missionaries efforts while working among Muslims. Apparently he had concluded the reason for his lack of success was due to fear of punishment by other Muslims, not because he was a bad missionary, or because the tenets of Islam were more convincing to people in the region than the principles in Christianity (Zwemer 15-29). In the chapter two The Law of Apostasy Zwemer quotes three passages of the Koran that he claims indicate an official sanctioning of punishment of apostates. Zwemer is unconvincing. The phrase take from them [apostate Muslims] neither patron or help (IV. 90, 91) and alleges that the standard commentary of Baidhawi, whoever that is, means take and kill him wheresoever you find ye find him, like any other infidel (Zwemer 33). It appears Baidhawi has chosen an interpretation that is not justified from the original text. He treats the other passages in a similar fashion, interpreting them to mean apostates should be killed or punished, when a more straightforward interpretation does not imply his conclusion. Zwemer errs in at least two fashions. First he appears to equate evidence that indicates punishment has been administered against apostates indicates the sanction of such actions by the teaching of Islam. This is not the case. Throughout history there are far too many examples where common practices were either directly prohibited by official policies or were not addressed by these policies. This does not indicate official policies authorized such actions. Secondly, Zwemers evidence is largely either anecdotal or demand such contrived interpretations of the Koran as to unconvincing. Consequently The Law of Apostasy in Islam does not prove that punishment for apostate Muslims is a tenant of Islam. Works Cited Zwemer, Samuel M. The Law of Apostasy. London: Marshall Brothers Ltd, n. d.

Airplanes And Aircraft Engineering Essay

Airplanes And Aircraft Engineering Essay Aircrafts are capable of flight using forward motion that generates lift as the wing moves through the air. Airplane is propelled by a screw propeller or a high-velocity jet, and supported by the dynamic reaction of the air against its wings. There are many components of an airplane however the essential components are a wing system to sustain it during flight, tail surfaces to stabilize the wing, movable surfaces to control the attitude of the machine in flight, and a power plant to provide the thrust to push the craft through the air. An enclosed body which is known as the fuselage houses the crew, passengers, and cargo, as well as the controls and instruments used by the navigator. An airplane also requires a support system when it is at rest on a surface and during takeoff and landing. Airplanes have different shapes and sizes depending on the purpose, but the modern airplanes have some features in common. They are fuselage, tail assembly and control surfaces, wing, power-plant and landing gear. In this report the prime focus is on the Prime components of the aircraft assuring structural integrity while meeting requirements for optimum operational performance of an aircraft. The empennage is also known as the tail is the rear part of the aircraft. Usually it includes the stabilizers, rudder and elevator as many other components as seen below.. It is constructed depending on the aircraft for example in fighter jets it may be constructed around the exhaust nozzle. In commercial aircrafts the empennage is built from the cabin pressure-cone and may contain the Flight Data Recorder (black box), Cockpit Voice Recorder and the pressure out-flow valve. There is another design which does not require an elevator. In this design there is a one-piece horizontal stabilizer that pivots from a central hinge point, such a design is known as a stabilator. 2. Wings: As we can see below is a wing. Wings are airfoils attached to each side of the fuselage and are the main lifting surfaces that help the airplane during flight. There are great variations in the wing designs, sizes, and shapes used by the various manufacturers. Each of these specifications fulfils a certain need with respect to the performance for an airplane. Wings may be attached at the top, middle, or lower portion of the fuselage and are referred to as high-, mid-, and low-wing, respectively. The number of wings may vary. Monoplanes contain a single set of wings while those with two sets are called Biplanes. The principal structural parts of the wing are SPARS, RIBS, and STRINGERS. These are reinforced by trusses, I-beams, tubing, or other devices, including the skin. The wing ribs determine the shape and thickness of the wing (airfoil). Attached to the rear, or trailing, edges of the wings are two types of control surfaces referred to as ailerons and flaps. http://khup.com/view/2_keyword-design-of-aircraft-rib-structure/aircraft-structure.html 2.1 Spars 2.1.1. Definition: The spar is the main structural member of the wing, in a fixed-wing aircraft, running span wise at right angles to the fuselage. There may be more than 1 spar or none at all. 2.1.2 Uses: Fight loads and the weight of the wings whilst on the ground is carried by spars. Spars are also used in aerofoil surfaces such as the tail plane, fin and serve a similar function, although the loads transmitted may be different. 2.1.3. Loads: Upward bending loads from the wing lift force that supports the fuselage in flight. Downward bending loads due to the weights acting. Drag loads dependent on airspeed and inertia. Rolling inertia loads. Chordwise twisting loads due to aerodynamic effects at high airspeeds. 2.1.4. Materials: Wooden construction Early aircraft used spars carved from solid Spruce or Ash. Wooden spar types have been used and tried with such as spars which are box-section in form; or laminated spars which are laid up in a jig, and compression glued to retain the wing dihedral. Wooden spars are still being used in light aircraft such as the Robin DR400. Metal spars A common metal spar in a general aviation aircraft generally consists of a sheet aluminium spar web, with L or T -shaped spar caps being welded or riveted to the top and bottom of the sheet to prevent buckling under applied loads. Tubular metal spars The German Junkers J.I armoured fuselage ground-attack sesquiplane of 1917 used a Hugo Junkers -designed multi-tube network of several tubular wing spars, placed just under the corrugated duralumin wing covering and with each tubular spar connected to the adjacent one with a space frame of triangulated duralumin strips riveted onto the spars. Advantages Gives substantial increase in structural strength at a time when most other designs were built with wood-structure wings. Geodesic construction In aircraft such as the Vickers Wellington, a geodesic wing spar structure was employed which had the advantages of being lightweight and able to withstand heavy battle damage with only partial loss of strength. Composite construction Nowadays aircraft use carbon fibre and Kevlar in their construction, ranging in size from large airliners to small aircraft. Companies have employed solid fibreglass spars in their designs but now often use carbon fibre in their high performance gliders such as the ASG 29 Advantages The increase in strength and reduction in weight compared to the earlier fibreglass-sparred aircraft allows a greater quantity of water ballast to be carried. 2.1.5. Disadvantages: The wooden spar has a danger of the deteriorating effect that atmospheric conditions, both dry and wet, and biological threats such as wood-boring insect infestation and fungal attack can have on the wooded spars; consequently regular inspections are often mandated to maintain airworthiness. Similar disadvantages on metal spars limit their use. 2.2 Ribs 2.2.1. Definition: In an aircraft,  ribs  are forming elements of the structure of a  wing. Ribs are attached to the main  spar, and by being repeated at frequent intervals they form a skeletal shape. Usually ribs incorporate the  airfoil  shape of the wing. They are the cross-section shape of a wing. The ribs can be classified according to the types of load acting on it. Lightly loaded ribs are subjected to aerodynamic loads while a rib is subjected to concentrated forces transferred from primary points is considered as moderately loaded rib. 2.2.2 Function: Maintain the sectional shape of wing box. Function as panel breakers for stringers. Provide support for attachment of other systems. Distribute locally applied air pressure loads. 2.2.3. Stiffness: The ribs contribute little to the overall stiffness of the wing box and also carry little of global bend and twist loads acting on the wing. 2.2.4. Loads: Loads acting on the ribs are of three types: Loads transmitted from the skin-stringer wing panels. Concentrated forces transmitted to the rib due to landing gear connections, power plants nacelle connections, etc Body forces in the form of gravitational forces. Inertia forces due to wing structural mass. 2.2.5. Materials: Ribs are made out of wood, metal, plastic, composites, foam. Carbon reinforced composites (CFC) or Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastics (CFRP) are used extensively in aircraft structures as they give high stiffness and strength with lower weight. 2.2.6. Advantages and Disadvantages: Wooden ribs are subjected to atmospheric deterioration. http://khup.com/view/2_keyword-loads-acting-on-ribs/report-5.html 2.3. Stringers or Longerons Interior of a Boeing/ Stearman PT-17 showing small channel section stringers. 2.3.1. Definition: A longeron  or  stringer  or  stiffener  is a thin strip of wood, metal or carbon fibre, to which the skin of the aircraft is fastened. Longerons are attached to  formers  in the case of the fuselage, or  ribs  in the case of a wing, or  empennage. In early aircraft, a fabric covering was sewn to the longerons, and then stretched tight by painting it with  dope, which would make the fabric shrink, and become stiff. 2.3.2. Properties: Longeron and stringer are used interchangeably. If the longitudinal members in a fuselage are less in number (usually 4 to 8), they are called longerons. The longeron system requires that the fuselage frames be closely spaced (about every 4 to 6 in/10 to 15 cm). If the longitudinal members are numerous (usually 50 to 100) then they are called stringers. In the stringer system the longitudinal members are smaller and the frames are spaced farther apart (about 15 to 20 in/38 to 51 cm). Longerons are of larger cross-section when compared to stringers. 2.3.3. Advantages: On modern aircraft the stringer system is more common because its more weight efficient despite being complex to construct and analyze. Some aircraft, use a combination of both stringers and longerons. The stringers carry bending moments and axial forces. They also stabilize the thin fuselage skin. 3. Power Plant: A power plant consists of propeller and engine.   The main function of the engine is to supply power to run the propeller. It also generates electrical power, provides vacuum source for flight instruments, and provides a source of heat for the pilot and passengers. The engine is covered by a cowling, or in some airplanes, surrounded by a nacelle. Its purpose is to streamline the flow of air around the engine and to help cool the engine by ducting air around the cylinders. The propeller on the front of the engine converts the rotating force of the engine into forward acting force called thrust that helps move the airplane through the air. 4. Landing gear: Every matter has its base on which it stands. The principle support of the airplane when parked, taxiing, taking off, or when landing is its landing gear. The most common type of landing gear consists of wheels, but airplanes can also be equipped with floats for water operations, or skis for landing on snow. The landing gear consists of three wheels two main wheels-tail wheels and a third wheel positioned either at the front or rear of the airplane-nose wheel, the design is referred to as a tricycle gear A steerable nose wheel or tail wheel permits the airplane to be controlled throughout all operations while on the ground.    5. Fuselage Fuselage is aircrafts main body and covers the majority of the airplane, it holds all other pieces of the aircraft together and other large components are attached to it. The fuselage is generally streamlined to reduce drag. Designs for fuselages vary widely. The fuselage houses the cockpit where the pilot and flight crew sit and it provides areas for passengers and cargo. Some aircraft carry fuel in the fuselage; others carry the fuel in the wings. 5.1. Types of Fuselage Structures: Truss Structure Geodesic construction Monocoque Shell Semi-monocoque 5.5.1. Truss Structure: This kind of structure is used in lightweight aircraft using welded steel tube trusses. A box truss fuselage structure can also be built out of wood-covered with plywood. 5.1.2. Geodesic construction: Geodesic structural elements used by during the wars, World War II, to form the whole of the fuselage, including its shape. In this multiple flat strip stringers are wound about the formers in opposite spiral directions, giving a basket-like appearance. This proved to be light, strong, and rigid and had the advantage of being made almost entirely of wood. Its redundant structure can survive localized damage without catastrophic failure. 5.1.3. Monocoque Shell In this method, the exterior surface of the fuselage is also the primary structure. A typical early form of this built using moulded plywood, where the layers of plywood are formed over a plug or within a mould. A later form of this structure uses fibreglass cloth impregnated with polyester or epoxy resin, instead of plywood, as the skin. A simple form of this used in some amateur-built aircraft uses rigid expanded foam plastic as the core, with a fibreglass covering, eliminating the necessity of fabricating moulds, but requiring more effort in finishing. An example of a larger moulded plywood aircraft is the de Havilland Mosquito fighter/light bomber of World War II. No plywood-skin fuselage is truly monocoque, since stiffening elements are incorporated into the structure to carry concentrated loads that would otherwise buckle the thin skin. The use of moulded fibreglass using negative (female) moulds (which give a nearly finished product) is prevalent in the series production of ma ny modern sailplanes. 5.1.4. Semi-monocoque. This is the preferred method of constructing an all-aluminium fuselage. First, a series of frames in the shape of the fuselage cross sections are held in position on a rigid fixture, or jig. These frames are then joined with lightweight longitudinal elements called stringers. These are in turn covered with a skin of sheet aluminium, attached by riveting or by bonding with special adhesives. The fixture is then disassembled and removed from the completed fuselage shell, which is then fitted out with wiring, controls, and interior equipment such as seats and luggage bins. Most modern large aircraft are built using this technique, but use several large sections constructed in this fashion which are then joined with fasteners to form the complete fuselage. As the accuracy of the final product is determined largely by the costly fixture, this form is suitable for series production, where a large number of identical aircraft are to be produced. Both monocoque and semi-monocoque are referred to as stressed skin structures as all or a portion of the external load (i.e. from wings and empennage, and from discrete masses such as the engine) is taken by the surface covering. In addition, the entire load from internal pressurization is carried (as skin tension) by the external skin. As stated above we are now familiar with the prime components of an airplane. Now let us get into detail, and understand the components such as the bulkhead, Frames, Ribs, Spars, Stringers (Longerons), and Skins. 5.2. BULKHEADS 5.2.1. Definition: A bulkhead is the physical partition that divides a plane or a fuselage into different classes or sections. Typically, a bulkhead is a wall but can also be a curtain or screen. In addition to separating classes from one another, i.e. business and economy, bulkheads can be found throughout the plane, separating the seats from the galley and lavatory areas. Bulkheads also contribute to the structural stability and rigidity of a craft. 5.2.2. Uses: 5.2.3. Loads: 5.2.4. Materials: 5.3. FRAMES 5.3.1. Definition: The airframe provides the structure to which all other components are attached. Airframes may be welded tube, sheet metal, composite, or simply tubes bolted together. A combination of construction methods may also be employed. The airframes with the greatest strength-to-weight ratios are a carbon fibre material or the welded tube structure, which has been in use for a number of years. 5.3.2. Uses: 5.3.3. Loads: 5.3.4. Materials: Material Selection Material Usage Advantages Disadvantages High strength unidirectional graphite/epoxy Spar caps High strength, low weight High cost, low impact resistance, difficult to manufacture High modulus  ±45 ° graphite/epoxy Skin (w/foam core), Shear web, Wing ribs High strength, low weight, low surface roughness, stealth characteristics High cost, low impact resistance, difficult to manufacture Aluminum 7075-T6 Bulkheads, Longerons Low cost, ease of manufacture, good sturctural efficiency Low strength, not weldable Stainless steel (AM-350) Landing gear Relatively low cost, high strength, corrosion resistance High weight Nickel (Hastelloy B) Nozzles and ducting Temperature resistance Low structural resistance Kevlar Internal armor High strength, low weight, high impact resistance High cost, difficult to manufacture

Computers and Their Impact :: Technology Papers

Computers and Their Impact The extreme increase in the use of computers has drastically changed the lives of many people. Computers, as Sherry Turkle in "Who Am We" discussed, initially were used as simple calculators, but through the years they have come to be valued as more than simple machines (442). "The computer has gained new qualities, it is not only used as a calculator, but now it entails simulation, navigation, and interaction" (443). With the increase in computer usage, comes new software that attracts people's attention even more. Adults, adolescents and even children find themselves "losing track of time" when they sit down and play on the computer for half an hour and suddenly realize that thirty minutes has turned into a couple of hours. As changes occur in technology, we must also contemplate the effect these changes will have on individuals. We must realize that individuals are vulnerable to the virtual world and that they can get lost. "Our need for a practical philosophy of self-knowledge ha s never been greater as we struggle to make meaning from our lives on the screen" (456). The computer can serve many purposes, such as an aid for research, finishing homework and even as a means for keeping in touch with loved ones, but it can also cause an individual to get lost in the "virtual world." This topic sparked my interest when aclose friend of mine began to notice changes in her boyfriend's attitude. Her problems began when her boyfriend bought a laptop computer. He had never had a computer before, so this was something new and exciting for him. Within a couple of weeks my friend began to notice changes in his attitude. Suddenly, she noticed he spent hours a day in front of a computer screen. He was fascinated by the internet and the immense amount of resources it had to offer. His free time no longer consisted of spending quality time with his friends and significant other, rather he found browsing the web more fascinating and worthwhile. My friend suddenly found herself competing against a machine for her boyfriend's attention. My friend is not the only one who has experienced problems due to the amount of time her boyfriend spends on the computer. My cousin for example, can spend hours a day playing computer games and surfing the net. Interestingly enough, he denies spending so much time on the computer.

Blake :: essays research papers

In Blake's "London" the speaker connects various characters and socio/political institutions in order to critique the injustices perpetrated in England. The busy, commercial city of London functions as a space in which the speaker can imagine the inescapable interconnections of English institution and citizens. Although separated by differences of class and gender, the citizens of London brush up against each other so that the misery of the poor and dispossessed is a direct indictment of the callousness of the rich and powerful, f the institutions of state and religion. The speaker of the poem emphasizes the social and economic differences that separate the citizens of London. By repeating the word "charter'd", he reminds the reader of the commercial nature of the city, the fact that portions of it are owned, and that not everyone has equal access to goods or property. In the first line of his poem as Blake speaks of how he is wandering through the "charter'd" streets, he is commenting on this commercial aspect of London. As he moves on in his poem he also refers to the "charter'd" Thames, he is telling us in this second line that even a river which is a force of nature, is owned in London. When Blake says that he sees "marks of weakness, marks of woe" in "every face" he meets, he means that he can see how this commercialism is affecting everyone rich and poor. Yet, despite the divisions that the word charter'd suggests, the speaker contends that no one in London, neither rich or poor, escapes a pervasive sense of misery and entrapment. The speaker talks of how in "every cry of every man" he hears the misery. Blake is once again reminding us that this is affecting everyone. As he goes on to comment on he can hear it in "every infants cry of fear", he is saying that even the babies know what is going to happen to them when they grow up and they fear the misery that they will soon face. In the next line of the poem Blake chooses to use a very interesting word. When he writes "in every ban" he leaves the line open to many different interpretations. The word ban can mean a political prohibition, a curse, or an announcement of marriage. The political meaning is an obvious one in this poem, Blake obviously does not like the politics of London and he fells that the commercialism is preventing the people from being happy.

E-marketplace, E-mall, E-tailing Essay

There are various electronic commerce activities and mechanisms. E-Commerce Activities and Mechanisms include the following but not limited to: E-Market Place: It is an online market usually B2B where buyers and sellers exchange goods or services. EC transactions take place in the electronic equivalent of a mall called the electronic marketplace (e-marketplace). Electronic marketplaces utilize different tools (electronic shopping cart, e-catalog, fulfillment technologies, and checkout and payment mechanisms) to provide the equivalent brick and mortar shopping tools. Types of Electronic Market Places: 1. Electronic Storefronts: A single companys website where products and services are sold. Example: Walmart 2. Electronic Malls: An Online Shopping Center where many online stores are located. 3. Market Place: An Online market, usually B2B where buyers and sellers negotiate. Electronic retailing is a form of electronic commerce. E-Retailing — This type of e-commerce refers to the act of using internet by retailers to perform business activities. It covers retailing using a wide variety of technologies or media. E-Tailing — Selling of retail goods over internet. E-Tailing is short form of E-Retailing. E-tailing can be used as a synonym with business-to-consumer transaction. To keep it short, Online retailing can be referred to as E-Tailing. E-tailing has resulted in the development of e-tailware–software tools for creating catalogs and managing the business connected with doing e-tailing. A new trend is the price comparison site that can quickly compare prices from a number of different e-tailers and link you to them. Example: Bestbuy site provides a customer to select a product upto 3 or more varieties and compare them. Examples of e-tailing are Dell, Walmart, Amazon. Comparison: Following are some of the key differences between e-marketplaces, e-malls, e-tailing and physical marketplaces, malls, and retail outlets. 1.E-Marketplaces, E-Malls and E-Tailing is all about the business taking place in an online manner, nothing is physical. 2.There is a wide variety of selection available online when compared to the physical outlets or malls. More options available online. 3.Certain tools are provided to compare the prices between different products and services which lead to an easier desired selection process. 4.No need to drive to the physical location of the mall for purchases. Tools and Techniques for a successful E-Commerce presence: Tools: Few tools for successful e-commerce are listed below but are not limited to: 1. Analytics: Analytics gives the idea of the sales where they are originating from. It is not enough to know that our products and services are getting sold. We need to know how the customers are visiting our site, how the traffic is being redirected to our site and how the marketing efforts are done. Some ecommerce scripts have statistics built in or available through a plugin. Standalone packages such as Google Analytics also provide you with a way to thoroughly check your stats, and all you do  is place a line of code on your site for tracking. Analytics allows you to check all of your data online. You also have access to it whether you have access to your ecommerce servers or not. 2. Accounting Software: Having the right accounting software for your ecommerce store is essential to keeping you in the black. This simplifies the book-keeping process and cuts down on the chance of human error causing issues with accurate profit and loss numbers. 3. Cross Selling: Cross selling is an easy way of exposing additional products to the customer based on their search. For example, if a customer is visiting a site to buy a phone, the site will automatically recommend the customer to also take a look other available options such as phone accessories, headphones etc. 4. Currency Converter: Dealing with international shipping is a struggle for many ecommerce site owners. When your product has mass market appeal overseas, you want to make it simple for international customers to order. A currency converter is particularly useful, whether you have it as part of your script, or as an additional tool. Planet Management, a payment processor who offers international payments, reports that ecommerce stores who use their service to offer multiple currencies increase international sales by up to 25 percent. Techniques: According to Miller (2000), Business approaches and broad range of technology tools that are used to support collaborative product definition management (cPDm) initiatives are having a tremendous impact on the ways companies operate. A major change in enterprise computing is underway as companies apply best-practice processes in combination with a wide range of technologies including product data management, collaboration, visualization, collaborative product commerce, enterprise applications integration, component supplier management, and others. The pace of improvements in cPDm-related technologies continues to  accelerate, and companies use these tools to implement process change faster than ever. Whereas not long ago, companies were talking about three- and five-year plans for implementing data management systems; they now are asking what results to expect in six months or less. This represents a significant step forward in industry and a strong emerging movement that is becoming an essential element for companies to successfully compete in the 21st century (Miller, 2000). According to Shaun Ryan, CEO of site search provider SLI Systems (http://www.sli-systems.com) (NZX: SLI), the best retailers use different techniques and features to create an equivalent merchandising experience that help visitors identify brands, sales or seasonal promotions and to draw more attention to products. Shaun summarizes three primary steps – tuning, merchandising banners and reports – which can add significant value to your eCommerce efforts. Tuning rules are designed to help promote or demote specific products as the merchandiser sees fit. For example tuning rule places certain products on the top of the list where as certain products on the bottom of the list or even off the list. This way it helps the merchandiser to prioritize which products should be shown and which should be not. â€Å"Banners can be shown anywhere on the search or navigation page and can be triggered by a number of different rules. For example the banner could contain logos and other imagery associated with the keyword or facet. If someone searches for a TV or clicks on the TV category you could show a banner that displays a TV selection widget.† Reporting allows merchandisers to easily access key data about customers’ search behavior. The Top Searches report can give useful insights about the most popular keyword searches, showing you the language that your customers use and identifying some possible candidates for fine tuning or adding banners. References Turban, E., King, D., Lee, J., Liang, T. & Turban, D. (2012). Electronic Commerce: Managerial and social networks perspectives. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Miller, E. (2000). Survival Tools for an E-Commerce World. Computer-Aided Engineering, 19(6), 52. PR, N. (2013, December 5). Easy Techniques Fuel E-commerce Merchandising. PR Newswire US. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://blog.compete.com/2013/12/04/best-ecommerce-tools/ (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.yourdesignonline.com/4-tools-building-successful-ecommerce-site/

Dominican heritage

Angie Cruz’s Soledad is a marvelous story of family and integrity, myth and mysticism, racial identity, culture and chaos and various other themes. The background of the author has deeply influenced the setting of the novel as the story is deeply influenced by her Dominican heritage. Author herself has testified that her cultural upbringing highly impacted the novel. Even though she authored it with keeping ‘community’ in her mind, the novel also turned out to be a story of family, relationships, girlhood, motherhood and extended to several other premises.The main voice in the story is that of an art student Soledad who wants to fly to her sick mother to take care of her. She is about to leave her neighborhood behind as only she can help her mother to recover from the emotional coma. Soledad also has her aunt Gorda, her wild cousin Flaca to tame in her family. As she comes back to her house, she is confronted with a big challenge to negotiate or forget the painful or chaotic past for rebuilding her fellowship with her mother. ‘Family’ and relationships become the centre theme of the story.Soledad had left her contentious family at the age of eighteen as she got fed up with petty fights, struggles and endless tragedies. She joined as an art student at Cooper Union and also had a gallery job (along with a hip East Village walk-up). Soledad was imminently cool, fine, peaceful being infinitely far from her belligerent, superstitious neighborhood where she had her upbringing. Soledad however could not continue for a long time as she got call from Tia Gorda saying that her mother badly needs her as she had slipped into an emotional coma. Soledad's return was the only solution to save her mother.The love that remained for her family made Soledad to return home though she was haunted with the terrible recollections about leering men, open hydrants, and dreadful slick-skinned teen girls with bawdy mouths and snapping gum. Soledad had muc h to face in her home at West 164th Street. She had to adjust with the raucous behavior of her cousin Flaca and had to keep her from falling for Richie, the neighbor. Soledad struggles and she falls into a big challenge. She was also disturbed by the memories and ghosts of her mother’s past and also had to mend their relationship so that she may recover.She had to fight the memories of all painful past experiences to help her love her mother. The story is all about the family burden suffered by young Soledad. Soledad always had strained relationship with the family members, especially her widowed mother Olivia. Much of the novel is about the family of Olivia, her female relatives. Soledad had her aunt Gorda who can better be called a witch. She opt ceremonies and home remedies for treating her sister. Soledad had much to suffer from the fiery adolescent Flaca her cousin. More than all this was the nightmares, terrifying flashbacks and fearful memories.Soledad struggles being ‘caught between two worlds’ for the sake of her family. The bad images of her mother’s Dominican youth, Soledad returns to her family. Soledad’s responsibility for her family and love for her mother constraints her to forgive or forget Olivia's past as a prostitute, her spurious paternity, and the death of her father in the hand of Olivia. She says â€Å"And when I surrender to the warmth of the water, I feel the past, present, and future becomes one. My mother becomes the ocean and the sky, wrapping herself around me†. The family warmth engulfs Soledad as she gets into a spiritual epiphany.Soledad is found to be compelled by guilt and responsibility and a forced loyalty and start to take care of the family that she once left. This forced loyalty or the love remnants make Soledad come back to the place that she longed to leave and meet her family that she wanted to forget. Soledad took herself away from her collapsed family as she wanted to have a d ifferent future than everybody else. She separated from everything, explored new paths and found herself successful in her new world. However the little love residue that remained in her heart made her sacrifice everything for the sake of her family (or her sick mother).She was back to her old neighborhood and finds something that longed for and that she did not expect. She finally recognizes that everything she was yearning for was there in front of her. We can say that the novel Soledad is all about family relationships. The news of her mother’s sickness melted the heart of young Soledad and made her take the crucial decision to leave her happy world and come to her family from which she was fleeing away. Even though Soledad was reluctantly returning to her family, her time with her family becomes too crucial in the novel that it occupies majority of the pages.Soledad’s plight was painful but her family members turned out to be characters that made the whole story in teresting, rather than Soledad. The background of the novel is in the family or cultural background of the author Angie Cruz. Author’s childhood experience in the ethnic barrio of New York City's Washington Heights neighborhood highly influenced the story. The story more or less appears as an autobiography where the family of Soledad represents the entire women folk of the superstitious neighborhood.The bizarre mother, jealous cousin Flaca, her crazy Aunt Gorda, the entire family of Angie Cruz speaks of the predicament of the entire neighborhood. Even though the whole story intended to report the helpless womanhood of the undeveloped neighborhood, the novel turned out to be a tale of family relationships that sprang up from an extremely collapsed background. The family of Soledad, her mother, cousin and her aunt filled the novel making it a tale family story. References Angie (2001) Cruz Soledad, Simon & Schuster Trent Masiki (2001) Soledad – Review – Black Issu es Book Review, Matthews & Associates.

Advertising Has Been Used to Promote Goods and Services from 1945 to Today and Controls Consumers’ Behavior and Habits

Research Paper â€Å"The pervasiveness of contemporary advertising means that almost everywhere we turn, we are bombarded with appeals to buy-mostly under the guise of persuading us that buying will somehow improve our lives. † (Courtland L. Bovee and Williams F. Arens, Page 685). Fundamentally a good advert should attract attention and interest and should provide some control over the manner in which it is read. Advertising has been used to promote goods and services from 1945 to today and controls consumers’ behavior and habits. Considering the thesis, we could choose to agree with the fact that advertising manipulates consumers.This kind of marketing is essential for firms that want to show their superiority in a specific category of markets. People can see every day many adverts that encourage them to buy more and more goods or services. It makes consumers too materialistic and manipulates them psychologically to buy things they don’t need. Advertising promot es the consumption society. Obviously, many would agree that advertisers use tricky means in order to attract consumers’ attention. Moreover, not all parts of society are targeted. It can create problems considering children, ethnicities, religions and other criteria that affect population.There is already enough research that proves how harmful advertising can be. In fact, manipulating people psychologically causes harm. In the long run, it can develop a habit like it is in the United States. People using adverts don’t care about consequences and behave inappropriately. Some incitements, misleading, and minds’ control lead to what is called subliminal stimuli. By the way, advertising is maintaining competition between firms and as a consequence, it encourages innovation. Socially, advertising is considered as harmful but economically, it represents one of the main factors of innovation and technological progress.This paper will show why and how the use of adver tising has tremendously increased from 1945 to today. Then, we will show that advertisers use many efficient means of controlling people’s behavior and habits. Finally, we will argue that the effects of advertising can be harmful for populations and economies among a society. Considering that it seems dangerous and manipulative, we can point out that it is a huge source of information. It allows consumers to stay informed about new alternatives in their daily life. Moreover, some people think that this is better to buy products that were advertised than products unadvertised.After World War II, many countries that have been concerned by the conflict had to re-build what was destroyed. The most affected by such a war was the moral of populations. Advertising already existed but it began a means of showing that life can continue without trouble. We might have seen this tendency in the United States first. In fact, many advertising campaigns had the aim to show solid families ev en if they have lost a brother, a father or a friend in Europe or in Asia. Companies have understood that such a disaster can be used to promote goods or services they propose to citizens.Then, the globalization of television in the 1940’s helped the development of the use of advertising. Such a means of communication is essential. Adverts might already have been seen in newspapers, billboards or on broadsides but never on a screen. Traditionally, companies already used paper-based supports to show a short preview about new products or innovations and a slogan. Following that tendency, this is the beginning of the consumption society. Advertising encourages people to buy more and more goods. On the long run, it creates a way of thinking that develops an addiction.Commercials for Coca Cola are one of the best examples that affect the overall society. Drinking Coke improves citizens’ daily life because it gets satisfaction. â€Å"It has a taste that’s uniquely sa tisfying – a quality that’s unmistakable† (Fowles, Jib. Page 725). Another example is the place of women in society. They are targets of advertisers who promote goods that ensure an easier family life. â€Å"In terms of products represented, ads that illustrate this period concern mainly cigarettes, alcohol (beer and liquor), automobiles, food and drink, household cleaners, lotions and perfumes. † (Fowles, Jib. Page 691).The example of Camels cigarettes illustrates the situation (Fowles, Jib. Page 693). In 1947, advertisers pointed out the fact that doctors smoked more Camels cigarettes than other brands. Population will think this is not so harmful for their health and will buy more Camel cigarettes. The United States of America were a rich country before World War II. At the end of the conflict, it was clear that it was the richest country. This economic situation has encouraged the development of advertising. Each time there is a progress in a sector of the industry, advertisers improve their means of attracting people.At the beginning, it was only on paper-based supports with drawings. In 1951, it was the birth of television in color. The broadcast of public programs has considerably increased the audience and as a consequence, the impact of advertising. In addition, the economic period was favorable and many people might buy goods and services such as cars or household cleaners. On one hand, the video support allows consumers to be better informed but on the other hand, it encourages them to buy things they don’t need. According to a survey of the Census Bureau in the USA in the 1990’s, 98% of the American households owned one TV set. Census Bureau) In the 1980’s, the appearance of the Internet highlights a new period of advertising. Populations using this new technology of information are constantly confronted to adverts. â€Å"In 1994, Hot-wired site launches with the first banner adds from AT&T, Spri nt, MCI, Volvo and others† (Tungate, Mark). It was only a small part of the total advertising market but it increased at the same time the use of this new tool increased. The number of advertising agencies has considerably increased. There are more and more companies that use adverts to show their catalogue on paper, on buildings, on television and on the Internet.It is clear that, today, advertising is an essential part of the budget of businesses. Considering such a use of that tool, many people consider that advertisers make commercials in order to control consumers’ behavior and habits. â€Å"Advertising is the art of arresting the human intelligence just long enough to get money from it† (Blore, Chuck in Shah, Anup). The second subject that this paper will illustrate is to show that controlling consumers by the means of advertising is a today’s debate. In fact, advertisers are able to use tricky methods in order to attract people’s attention. H owever, as the year progressed, the sophistication of advertising methods and technics has advanced, enticing and shaping and even creating consumerism and needs where there has been none before, or turning luxuries into necessities† (Shah, Anup). Households are controlled against their will. When they are confronted to advertising, they are persuaded that they have to buy the product of one company. Everyone faces persuasion. We can see it in every street, in the cinema, on television, on Internet†¦ Advertisers give arguments based on populations’ daily life and use them to prove the benefits of a good or a service.If some people are always busy, there can be a good that helps them to be better organized. The advert will show that such a situation can be improved just by buying a particular product, produced by a particular company. This is the basis of persuasion. Following that, there are many methods that can be used to promote and sell. â€Å"Sometimes the si mple facts of our case are overwhelmingly persuasive. Other times we appeal to some need or motive of our listener because the facts alone aren’t persuasive enough† (Bovee, Courtland L. , Arens, William F. Page 687).Although the persuasion is not enough efficient, it is clear that the emotional appeals are the best way to force consumers’ to buy. Such a means of attracting people depends on the targets. Luxury brands will use arguments that attract consumers earning a lot of money. They display elements of a rich individual’s life and the fact that the product or the service was made for him. On the contrary, if the advert concerns the middle-class, it will be adapted to the â€Å"condition† of those people. In fact, this is also the case of consumers that do not need to put forward their income. There are advertising sponsors at both ends of that spectrum. Food companies offer natural products as well as convenience packaged goods. Shoe companies o ffer simple sandals as well as formal footwear† (Bovee, Courtland L. , Arens, William F. Page 687). This is why heroes are put forward in adverts. An individual who practices a sport and sees that his idol uses a specific product will encourage him to buy it. In the case of prevention, emotional appeals are the most adapted. Government uses this means to make people aware of what is dangerous.In order to reduce road traffic accidents, a commercial that shocks the audience appeals to fear. Consequences of such an advert will be more attention from drivers and fewer accidents on the road. We can’t explain how advertisers manipulate individuals without talking about subliminal stimuli. This means of controlling consumers’ behavior and habits is the most concealed because not everyone can perceive it. As a matter of fact, it is possible that not only individuals but also groups of individuals are controlled without their awareness. It changes their habits because the y do things they usually would ot do. We can determine that there are two ways to attempt an auditory. First, it touches the unconscious part of our brain. When people are reading a slogan or a sentence linked to an idea, several words are dissimulated and manipulate people by the language. It is clear that subliminal stimuli concerns the five censes. Consumers’ can hear, smell, touch things and be attracted. All of these criteria are strategically placed in order to have the maximum impact of perceptions. We take the example of a family that is shopping in a mall, they can see and hear promotions on products they didn’t intent to buy.Advertisers point out the fact that this is useful and essential. As the author William Cane pointed out: â€Å"Public concern about subliminal manipulation can be seen in 1957 when a marketing researcher looked into statistical data. James Vicary claimed to find dramatic increases in the sales of Coca-Cola and popcorn when he flashed th e phrases â€Å"Drink Coca-Cola† and â€Å"Eat popcorn† for 1/2000 of a second during a movie. The statistics showed an increase in popcorn sales by 58%, with an increase in Coca Cola sales by 18%. -Cola sales by 18%† (Cane, William.Umich. edu). Subliminal stimuli is used each time companies or politics want to control individuals against their will. Alternatively, advertisers can use sexual stimulants that influence individuals to buy. It is not difficult to determine what consumers need. Their fears are one of those determinants as well as their lack of self-confidence. Heroes can be put forward to prove that such a product can improve our everyday life. Movie stars are an example. People who have problems with their hair tend to buy lotions that a star uses.We know that adverts are created in such a way as to control consumers’ behavior and habits. Advertisers employed by companies manipulate people psychologically and force to buy things they donâ€⠄¢t usually need. The last part of this paper will deals with consequences of control and manipulation not only on individuals but also on economies. Finally, there are many consequences not only on individuals but also on economies. Manipulation and control through advertising can lead to critical effects on targeted consumers. In fact, there are different categories of eople in a society while the reaction is not the same in front of adverts. This is what we will demonstrate. First, one of the consequences of advertising campaigns is that it â€Å"makes us too materialistic† (Bovee, Courtland L. and Arens, William F. Page 686). It changes the value of every system and encourages the development of the consumption society. The acquisition of a product or using a service can change our daily life. With this idea, individuals are forced to think that buying more and more goods will make them more important. USA is the best example of such a situation. For example, they point o ut the fact that millions of Americans own 20 or more pairs of shoes, several TV sets, and often more than one vehicle† (Bovee, Courtland L. and Arens, William F. Page 686). Advertisers are looking for happiness linked with materialism. Companies don’t care about culture or improvements of the overall behavior of populations. The only thing that interests them is to sell. Finally, this materialism creates a cultural gap. It encourages the division of societies and creates conflicts. Then, there are questions about interferences with ethnicities.It is often the case in the USA and in every country where advertising is present. Advertisers use criteria such as the gender, the skin color, the social condition, or historical facts. In a country where there is a â€Å"melting pot†, it is considered as discrimination. We can say that commercials perpetuate stereotypes. As an example, when an advert targets women, it has been adapted realistically because they take an i mportant place in purchasing decisions. Even if there are improvements, there are still â€Å"bias and sexism in advertising† (Bovee, Courtland L. and Arens, William F. Page 689).Manipulation of children and teenagers through advertising can be critical. The possible harmful effects on both of these age ranges are significant. First, it is important to point out the fact that they are the most vulnerable and suggestible. When they are watching television, even if this is a program adapted to their age, commercials that are not adapted are broadcast and can influence them negatively. In the article â€Å"Advertising: Information or Manipulation† written by DeRego Makenzie, she is telling her experience with the effects of several adverts on children’s minds: â€Å"As an example, I was babysitting.My friend and I were watching her favorite show on Disney Channel: Hannah Montana. A commercial came on, and I stared at the screen in shock; in between two segments of a children's show, there was a commercial advertising Enzyte! I knew this could not be appropriate, and when she asked me what it was, I was dumbfounded. How was I supposed to answer that? Furthermore, children by the age of seven are exposed to commercials like these at least twenty thousand times. †Ã‚   Such a testimony confirms that advertisers don’t care about consequences of commercials if vulnerable minds are watching them.Regarding teenagers, this is more a problem with cigarettes and alcohol. They are more and more smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol. Advertising is a factor of this tendency. It is clear that alcohol ads on television have been multiplied in the last few years. This is what is shown by the Center on Alcohol Marketing and Youth. One of their studies confirms that the top fifteen programs in 2003 had alcohol in their ads. Due to advertising’s influence on populations, there are economic consequences not only on individuals but also on companies.Consumers buy goods while the price is not always affordable. The fact that advertising encourages them to spend more and more money leads to economic problems. First, it forces them to borrow money from banks. On the short run, they can pay what they want but on the long run, many people can’t refund. Such a situation breaks the stability of families and of the overall economy. In the case of companies, they spend billions of dollars in adverts. It creates a competition between firms that many of them can’t assume. A company with a huge turnover will spend more on advertising than a modest business.Consequences will be that these modest businesses will shutdown because of the lack of customers willing to visit malls or any other huge business. We currently live in a profit-driven society. Individuals are constantly bombarded of adverts from companies, from the government or from any other institution that wishes to sell goods and services. To attract people, advertisers use tricky means and control consumers’ behavior and habits. What is often not shown is the impact of those methods. The aim is to encourage us to buy more and more against our awareness.Additionally, it maintains the idea of the consumption society and may cause economic problems for the large-scale. Following surveys, it affects vulnerable individuals such as children and is harmful. A social gap is being created due to the use of ethnicities, religions and other very sensitive issues. This paper has shown that the use of advertising has tremendously increased from the end of World War II to today and that it is clearly harmful for societies. It has created a new way of thinking which is maintained because of the methods that are more and more improved.At least, the addiction consecutive to the modification of populations’ behavior is increasing.WORK CITED PAGE Bovee, Courtland L. , and Arens, William F. The Indictments Against Advertising, Advertising M akes Us Too Materialistic. Writing and Reading Across the Curriculum, 10th edition by Laurence Behrens University of California, 2008. Pearson Longman pp. 685-691. Cohen, Dorothy. Elements of Effective Layout. Writing and Reading Across the Curriculum, 10th edition by Laurence Behrens University of California, 2008. Pearson Longman pp. 681-684. Cane, William. The Roots of Subliminal Perception. (www. umich. du) Census Bureau (www. census. gov) DeRego, Makenzie. Floyd Dryded Voices: Advertising: Information or Manipulation. Web. Wednesday, January 28th, 2008 (www. capitalcityweekly. com) Fowles, Jib. Chapter 13, New and Improved: Six Decades of Advertising, A Portfolio of Advertisements: 1945-2003. Writing and Reading Across the Curriculum, 10th edition by Laurence Behrens University of California, 2008. Pearson Longman pp. 691-737. Shah, Anup. Media and Advertising. Web. March 4th 2012. (www. globalissues. org) Tungate, Mark. Adland: A Global History Of Advertising. Philadelphia : K ogan Pages. 3 July 2007. Print.

Metaphor and Modern Stories

Related resources: Modern stories I Nor, Radial I ‘Nail' by Radial Nor Sequencing activity Download file (2. K) Put the events of the story into the correct order with this on-screen activity. Related resources: Modern stories I Nor, Radial I ‘Nail' by Rid]al Nor Witnessing a crime Download file (95. K) action as witnesses should be, before investigating official government advice. They then contrast this with the criminal Justice system in operation in ‘Nail'. Intended for Higher Tier students.Related resources: Modern stories I Nor, Radial I ‘Nail' by Radial Nor Truth-tellers Download file (110. K) Work out who the truth-tellers are and how they were punished for their beliefs. Includes a research task linking back to ‘Nail'. Related resources: Modern stories I Nor, Radial I ‘Nail' by Radial Nor Top trumps Download file (238. 1 k) Explore characterization in the short story by creating character logs and a set of top trumps cards. Related resourc es: Modern stories I Nor, Radial I ‘Nail' by Radial Nor My parents sided with a murderer Download file (79. K) A speaking and listening role play activity in repose to events in ‘Nail', Jerry Springer style. Related resources: Modern stories I Nor, Radial I ‘Nail' by Radial Nor Drama activities Download file (74. K) A series of activities for exploring the central ideas in the story, including devised scenes, discussion and a TV news report. Related resources: Modern stories I Nor, Radial I ‘Nail' by Radial Nor Well-judged description Download file (133. 1 k) Is Nor a master of description or†¦ Not?Students explore the effectiveness of key descriptions and create a descriptive passage of their own. Intended for Higher Tier students. Related resources: Modern stories I Nor, Radial I ‘Nail' by Radial Nor Thinking about setting Download file (246. K) Explore aspects of place and environment with the help of a setting diagram and a series of prompt que stions. Intended for Foundation Tier students. Download file (208. K) Focus on a key passage, paying close attention to language, imagery and authorial technique.Related resources: Modern stories I Nor, Radial I ‘Nail' by Radial Nor Social and historical context Download file (92. K) Background information on Radial Nor and the short story ‘Nail'. This information is also available as a web page in the ‘Social and historical' section. Related resources: Modern stories I Nor, Radial I ‘Nail' by Radial Was it wrong that e sacrificed the truth and Justice for his son's only chance out of an otherwise dreary life like his?Explore ‘Nail' in Wordbook Launch activity Download file (168. K) Related resources: Modern stories I Nor, Radial I ‘Nail' by Radial Nor Teaching Download file (101. K) Before reading the story ‘Nail', students write a poem or piece of prose based on a Related resources: Modern stories I Nor, Radial I ‘Nail' by Radial Nor Witnessing a Students are given crime scenarios and asked to decide what their correct course of Related resources: Modern stories I Nor, Radial I ‘Nail' by Radial Nor The hangingRelated resources: Modern stories I Nor, Radial I ‘Nail' by Radial Narrows it wrong that he sacrificed the truth and Justice for his son's only chance out of an otherwise Related resources: Modern stories I Nor, Radial I ‘Nail' by Radial Nor This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (November 2008) A political cartoon from an 1894 Puck magazine by illustrator S. D. Rather, shows a farm woman labeled â€Å"Democratic Party† sheltering from a tornado of political change.A metaphor is a figure of speech that describes a subject by asserting that it is, on some point of comparison, the same as another otherwise unrelated object. It is a figure of speech comparing two unlike things without using either â€Å"like† or â€Å"as†. It is not to be mistaken with a simile which does use â€Å"like† or â€Å"as† in comparisons. Metaphor is a type of analogy and is closely related to other rhetorical figures of speech that achieve their effects via association, comparison or resemblance including allegory, hyperbole, and simile.One of the most prominent examples of a metaphor in English literature is the All the oral's a stage monologue from As You Like It: All the world's a stage, And all the men and women merely players; They have their exits and their entrances; ?William Shakespeare, As You Like It, 2/7[1] This quotation contains a metaphor because the world is not literally a stage. By figuratively asserting that the world is a stage, Shakespeare uses the points of comparison between the world and a stage to convey an understanding about the mechanics of the world and the lives of the peop le within it. The Philosophy of Rhetoric (1936) by l.A. Richards describes a metaphor as having woo parts: the tenor and the vehicle. The tenor is the subject to which attributes are ascribed. The vehicle is the object whose attributes are borrowed. In the previous example, â€Å"the world† is compared to a stage, describing it with the attributes of â€Å"the stage†; â€Å"the world† is the tenor, and â€Å"a stage† is the vehicle; â€Å"men and women† is the secondary tenor, and â€Å"players† is the secondary vehicle. Other writers employ the general terms ground and figure to denote the tenor and the vehicle. In cognitive linguistics, the terms target and source are used respectively. Contents [hide]

Call of the Wild Chapters 4 5 6

What do his parents think? Alex’s parents are very worried about him. They become even more worried when they realize that he told the post office to hold all of the letters they sent him until a certain date. Where does Chris/Alex travel in this chapter and what is the time line (dates and locations) July 9th 1990- Datson is flooded is flooded at Lake Mead July 10th 1990- Chris hikes toward N California August 1990- He gets a ride from/meets Crazy Ernie Chapter 5. What did the people of Bullhead City think of Chris/Alex? He is remembered as a strange but nice person. The employees at the McDonald’s where he worked said he worked at a slow pace, which contradicts what was said about his work ethic earlier in the novel. They said he needed to bathe more and one lady feels he quit because she told him so. Describe the slabs in your own words. The slabs are an abandoned military base that has become home to a lot of drifters. What do we learn about Chris/Alex in this chapter? Is your view of him changing? In this chapter we learn that Chris’s work ethic is starting to disappear because the former employees say that they felt he worked slow. My opinion is not really changing any of him because he still is very odd and obviously he is not all right. 4. Trace the timeline in this chapter. May 1991- Departs Las Vegas July/August 1991- Oregon coast September 1991- Hitchhiked down highway 101 to Bullhead city Several months later- moved to the slabs Chapter 6. What changes do you notice in the narrative stance of chapter 6? Chapter 6 isn’t really about chris, its more about the people he met and the lives he affected. Why did they send Krakauer a letter from Ronald Franz? Because Franz wanted a copy of the magazine article which featured Chris and felt very attached to him. In Chris/Alex’s letter to Ron Franz he reveals his philosophy of life. This is important for an understanding of what happened to him. Summarize his ideas in your won words. If you want to get more out of life, Ron, you must lose your inclination for monotonous security and adopt a helter-skelter style of life that will first appear to be crazy† 57. This is important because for the first time in words he is sort of describing the lifestyle that he is trying to live. He put the ideolism that he is living by into a phrase. What did Krakauer learn when he visited Franz? He learned that Franz was a very physically large men who did not show his age. He had always been praying for Chris to walk back down the road. When he learned that Chris had died, â€Å"{he} became an athiest† because his prayers were not answered†

Evaluate the factors necessary for a successful multicultural Essay

Evaluate the factors necessary for a successful multicultural workplace - Essay Example How can we enable excellence at work and leverage on the diversity of culture, given the practical challenges brought about by human differences? While there are multiple factors which influence, impinge upon and determine the extent of success of any workplace, here we examine only those factors that have a bearing on the cultural aspect of the divergence. We also examine the challenges specific to a multicultural workforce and examine the factors that are necessary to make a success of the business operations in such an environment. Business is about people. A well-adjusted and satisfied workforce is the corner-stone of a successful business. A business or a transaction is largely, if not wholly, dependent on communication, which, as we will examine more closely later on, is almost inseparable from the underlying culture of the people involved. This is why it is of essence to understand this fact and hence expend effort towards creating a work culture that utilizes and thrives on the divergence of its workforce rather than allow the differences to create problems leading to an ineffective working environment. Culture in inherent. We live it, breathe it, represent it, but take it for granted. We are almost always affected by the underlying influence of culture but most of the time not conscious of it. Culture not only dictates how we live and behave, it also intrinsically determines the patterns of our reaction to people from other cultures. So what is culture then? Summarizing the many, varied and meaningful definitions, culture can be understood to be the window through which we view the outside world. It is the looking glass which colours what we see around us. It is the primary determining factor on how we speak, behave, work, grow and react to the world around. In the context of business, culture determines our practices and business communication. Business does not occur in vacuum. Nor is the business context, neutral. Business